The Underground Economy and the Underdevelopment Trap

The Underground Economy

DDoS DDoS is distributed denial of service, or an attack that focuses on using the power of a large number of computers to deny users access to a particular service. This attack is powerful and can often bring down entire websites by hitting them with a large amount of traffic. It is difficult to defend against when the attacker is using a botnet because the machines are distributed across the ...

Underground Economy And Tax Gap

Financial development and the underground economy

a r t i c l e i n f o We provide a theoretical and empirical study of the relation between financial development and the size of the underground economy. In our theoretical framework agents allocate investment between a low-return technology which can be operated with internal funds, and a high-return technology which requires external finance. Firms can reduce the cost of funding by disclosing...

Crime and the Underground Economy in Malaysia:

The underground economy (UE) also known as the shadow economy is a phenomenon known throughout the world. The growth of the UE is a matter of increasing concern, at least, throughout the developed nations. Researchers have recognized that the underground economy and crime are linked. Studies on the US, Canada and the transition economies indicate that crime and the shadow economy are facts of l...

Tax evasion and the underground economy*

The problem of tax evasion arises in an economy in which every taxpayer regards the output of the public sector as independent of her actions and the taxpayer can be audited by the public authority and fined, if found guilty. Earlier contributions to the study of tax evasion in a game-theoretical framework include Sandmo (1981), Reinganum and Wilde (1985, 1986), Graetz et al. (1986), Greenberg ...